Korea During the Colonial Period

Korea became a colony under Japan in August 1910 and freed itself later in 1945. This was when Japan lost in World War II. Japan was defeated mainly as a result of powerful nations which supported South Korea. However, as will be discussed in this paper, there were some positive aspects that were drawn from the rule. For instance, one of these developments was the massive transformation of education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Korea During the Colonial Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is imperative to note that the latter injected significant insight on how Koreans would engage themselves both in economic and political development of their country. It is also worthy to note that the history of Korean colonialization did not start in 1910. Rather, it commenced way back at the onset of the century with numerous debates and treaties. In addition, the history and synopsis of Korean colonization is stil l important in the history of the world bearing in mind that it later shaped global political history of the major powers as they are known today. Most importantly, Japan rule in Korea set the course for World War II with Japan being on one side and America and its close allies on the other alliance. This paper explores pre-colonial period that culminated to Korean colonization, events that marked resistance to colonial aggression from Japanese rule, economic exploitation as well as the significance of this rule. Pre-colonial period The history of Korean colonialization did not start in August 1910. While the annexing of Korea was done in 1910 by employing of Annexation Treaty, it was declared a Japanese protectorate from 1905 through the Eulsa Treaty. According to Heo and Roehrig (9), this treaty was as a result of coercing of Korean authorities by the government of Tokyo. Additionally, this was the treaty that helped establish Japanese protectorate in Korea and as well formalized control of peninsula by Japan (Heo Roehrig 9). Before then, there was the Ganghwa treaty which gave Japan some interest to involve itself in Korea issue. The latter took place during Joseon era. This may be a clear indication that before the close of 1910, there was sufficient history on how Korea had formally became a Japanese protectorate. Indeed, historians believe that the control of the land started way back and as early as 1876.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Colonial period This period was historically documented to be between 29th August 1910 and 15th August 1945 meaning it was approximately 35 years of rule. The Japan rule in Korea started with what was known as the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty of the year 1910. It was a way of finalizing the Japanese control over the Korean nation. This aspect was significantly preceded over by numerous efforts such as the Japan-Korea Protoco l of the year 1904. Kang (2) observes that the colonial period could be categorized into three periods. These were subjugation period, the cultural accommodation period and the assimilation period. The following is an analysis of the three periods and details of events that took place during each of the period. The dark age of subjugation (1910-1919) In a period of about nine years after Korea became Japanese Protectorate, harsh realities dawned on Koreans. Instead of helping Koreans to overcome their difficulties in the due process of building their country, the Japanese authorities and mostly the military descended upon the natives. They were later turned into slaves. According to Kang (2), this period can best be characterized by the rule of the military with was mostly violent and full of threats. It all started in 1910 when Japan took over until the year 1919. Peterson and Margulies (141) underscore that this period could best be described to be that of military rule. This defi nition results from heavy military operation that was characterized by harsh operations. There was little that could be associated with democratic rule during this Dark Age period, actually it is the military rule that helped Japan establishes its strong presence in the country (Peterson Margulies 142). Cultural accommodation (1920-1931) This period can be regarded as a positive era in Korean history as it allowed unrestricted operations of businesses, media reporting and management of free schools. The best way to describe this period was that it was an era whereby educational change in the country was permitted. This left an indelible mark in the history of Korea. Indeed, the impact can still be felt until today. This was seen more of a response to the criticism that was leveled against the colony characterized by harsh rule. The aim was to ease down some tension among the Korean people by reducing some of the restrictive policies that had been established during the entire perio d of colonial rule. Moreover, this period was termed as the conciliatory reform era largely due to the fact that it brought in some positive changes like education, economic revival and political participation. Assimilation period (1931-1945) This period is also referred to as the compulsory integration period. It came after the dissolution of Korean empire or the Korean royalty that had dominated for centuries. According to Robinson (44), the assimilation policy was a long term goal only to be ended by the defeat of Japan by Western powers. This program had become an urgent policy to the Japanese who were trying to bring in their history, culture and language into Korea.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Korea During the Colonial Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was achieved in a kind of movement that was supposed to create powerful or imperial citizens. As Robinson (45) documents, the failure to effect this program was occasioned by massive and huge volumes of studies that Japan colony tried to introduce in Korea. As a matter of fact, the Korean people could not have absorbed and embraced every detail immediately bearing in mind that the Japanese colony had instituted it as an urgent measure. In essence, if this had succeeded, Japan would have permanently established itself as part of Korean culture, and more so, the Korean culture would have been absorbed by the mamoth education policy that had been introduced. Characteristics of the colonial period Other than the three periods that characterized the colonial era, there were other aspects that were significant in defining this rule. To start with, there was little that could be termed to be positive during the entire colonial period and autocratic rule. For example, soon after the treaty of 1910, Japan changed its course and introduced military dictatorship. Yoder (71) sums it all by noting that during the 35 years rule, Koreans were made worthless and only second to Japanese citizens. This took place despite the fact that the colony was in foreign land; a case scenario that could be termed as a contravention of the general rule of respect. In essence, some of the Korean people went to Japan to be laborers, and one of the biggest migrations was just at the outset of World War II (Yoder 71). Therefore, there was little that could be celebrated by Korean nation. Some of the characteristics of the colonial period included economic exploitation, education change, oppression, cultural genocide, the Second World War and eventually, the pursuit for Korean Freedom. Economic exploitation Korea became Japanese protectorate through a treaty with the main aim of assisting the country rebuild itself. However, Japan took over the mandate to exploit the economic prospects of the country through measures such as land utilization. Initially, this measure was seen as the overall means of helping the country. However, as it turned out later, the economic gains only benefited the Japanese. There is a divided concern for the rule when it comes to economic exploitation. Some view the rule has having helped Korea as a country overcome many obstacles. However, others view it as a real exploitation for selfish gain. Some of the positive reviews are that during the rule, electricity was a common facility. In fact, Seoul was to become the first city in the whole of East Asia to enjoy certain unique privileges.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, even after all these developments, the agricultural economy remained backward and it seemed that Japan was only doing so to improve its economy. As noted by Pirie (61), Japan was merely attempting to put together the Korean economy with that of Japan, perhaps with a view of creating a Japanese economic empire. As late as 1930s, the economy of Korea had not recovered and was basically typical of an underdeveloped country. Education change Before Japan came to Korea, Korea had a stable education system and was regarded to be improving swiftly. It was important since the 14th century and could have improved tremendously had it got just boosts. When Japan came, the colony she introduced her own education system and mostly brought volumes of Japanese studies. There are positive and negative impacts; positive in the sense that Japan helped introduce education of a higher status in the country. However, this education only helped to establish Japan as a world power capable of colo nizing a country. Most of what was taught was Japanese culture, archaeologies and general philosophy from the Japanese ideologies. A positive note is that numerous schools were established and which have remained as important in the country up to the present. In addition, the education for the Korean population has helped the country have more political participation and consciousness. Some of these schools were established by the Christian missionaries who to some extent, helped introduce western style. Oppression in land related issues The first thing that the Japanese did upon taking over Korean was to embark on surveying the land. The main aim was to consolidate their colonial system in economic terms. Much of the emphasis was laid on the administrative resources, the civilian police and mobilization of the military. The land survey was carried out despite the fact that Korea had done these survey years early. Real-estate owners were forced to make reports about their lands and were given ultimatum to do so. This is contravention of the general rule of respect for one another, and most importantly, since Korea was the host country, it should have been allowed to govern its own land. This survey took eight years and cost 20,400,000 yen, and the result was laying of the foundation for large scale expropriation of the country. In the process, some of the companies which had been established in Korea before the coming of Japan were impeded from developing. The resultants were rapid development of Japanese investments in critical industries crippling Korean industries. Cultural genocide By definition, genocide is a erosion of something in mass; for example, mass killings are regarded as genocide. In this therefore, cultural genocide is when culture of a region is eroded in mass and introduction of foreign values, practices, beliefs and norms. This part looks at the erosion of Korean culture and introduction of a foreign Japanese Culture. As discussed in the pap er, some of the issues that were brought forward by the three periods of Japan rule were assimilation, education and language studies. The fact that the assimilation, teaching of Japan language and general education were done by the Japanese, the Korean culture was eroded. In effect, the Japanese culture was introduced, and therefore brings in a concept of cultural genocide. This means that the Korean culture was changed to help establish the Japanese culture in Japan. The World War II and Korean freedom Lockard (647) reiterates that Korea was transformed into a colony of Japan and was harshly exploited. However, this suppression ended with World War II with the western nations fighting Japan. Eventually, Korea became free in 15th August 1945, the same year World War II ended. Therefore, there is a huge link between World War II and the eventual freedom that was attained by Korea. Japan used some Koreans as soldiers in the war where they were drafted into the army of Japan. When Jap an was defeated by the western allies, Korea achieved its independence, and even though it remains as painful to the Koreans, at least the country was given a chance to rebuild itself. The significance of the colonial period Dudden (64) underscores that at the onset that the colonial period was illegal since Japan deviated from the original master plan. It hid the intended policies and introduced its own measures in as far as colonization was concerned. However, this period and its culmination into World War II had some significance not only to Korea, but also to the western world. It has been argued that the ultimate winner of the World War II was United States of America and its allies. Up to the present day, United States has remained a super power and it was praised for its military strength that defeated Japan. Furthermore, several Africans affiliated to American army participated in the war, and therefore, it was an important undertaking since it set the right course for other colonies to follow suit. To recap it all, it is worthy to reiterate that in most instances, colonial periods have often been documented as eras of economic exploitation of host country by respective colonies. Nonetheless, the beginning of Japanese colonization in Korea was through some treaties, the important one being the treaty tat was crafted in 1910. This paper has offered succinct analysis of Korea during colonization period sues of this colonial period alongside its relative importance to global history. Works Cited Dudden, Alexis. Japan’s colonization of Korea: Discourse and power. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 2006. Heo, Uk Terence, Roehrig. South Korea since 1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Kang, Hildi. Under the black umbrella: Voices from colonial Korea, 1910-1945. New York: Cornell University Press, 2001. Lockard, Craig. Societies, Networks, and Transitions: Volume 3. Belmont: CengageBrain learning, 2010. Peterson, Mark Philip Margulies. A brief history of Korea. New York: InfoBase publishing, 2010. Pirie, Iain. The Korean development state: From dirigisme to neo-liberalism. New York: Routledge publisher, 2008. Robinson, Michael. Korea’s twentieth-century odyssey. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 2007. Yoder, Robert. Deviance and inequality in Japan: Japanese youth and foreign migrants. Bristol: The Policy Press, 2011. This essay on Korea During the Colonial Period was written and submitted by user Derrick Price to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Navaho Indians essays

Navaho Indians essays The Navaho Indians first came into conflict with the Mexicans and Pueblo Indians. The Navahos often got their wealth from raiding the Mexicans to the south. They had been retaliating against the Mexicans because of the fact that the Mexicans would steal their children and make them into slaves. Later the Americans came and built Fort Defiance at the mouth of Canyon Bonito. The Navahos neglect to keep animals out of the pastures that belonged to the fort, forced the soldiers into battle. The Navahos of course were no match for the advanced weaponry the Americans had. It wasnt until 1861 the Americans gained peace with the Indians. Peace did not remain for long, Kit Carson, once a good friend with the Indians, was given an order from Star Chief Carleton to prepare a war against the Navaho. Carson was reluctant but soon followed the orders and began the scorche- earth program, the destruction of crops and grain fields. Later one of the Carson condoned scalping. Later one of the Navaho Indian leaders, Delgadito, surrendered. Its people were starving, cold and had no shelter. Barboncito, and El Sordo the other leaders, were not willing to give up easily. They remained hiding in the mountains to see what would happen. The ones who surrendered were sent to the Bosque Redondo. On January 6, 1864 Captain Albert Pfeiffer led a small force to invade Canyon de Chelly. A few Navahos were killed and nineteen women and children captured. The next morning Navahos arrived at Carsons camp and surrendered. As winter came more and more Navahos surrendered. During March, the Long Walk of the Navahos to Fort Sumner and the Bosque Redando began. On the way many died of the severe snowstorms. When General Carleton heard that there would be a chance of Marvelito surrending, he sent four Navahos to use their influence on him. Manvelito was not easily convinced. Star Chief Carleton on the other hand was celebrating over his succ...

Admiration of Anne Bradstreets Essay

Admiration of Anne Broadsheets Essay Admiration of Anne Broadsheets values as compared to those of Ben Franklin and Jonathan Edwards The relationships that people have with others has a severe Impact on that persons life, albeit many are good, some, though, are bad. How we choose to form, maintain and use these relationships is up to us, Just as what they mean is up touts too. I will show the relationships of some writers and how they treat others, as an important value to me. Three writers of our era, Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and Anne Broadsheet are most notable with their relationships with people.My thoughts on Benjamin Franklins work were unfortunately on the negative side. To sum his writings up, they were long, boring and not concise. His writing varied heavily. He was known for writing on one topic and then changing to another then skipping to yet another. The following paragraph is an excerpt of his writings to show the long, varied writings that changed from subject to subject: l have been the more particular in this Description of my Journey, and shall be so of my first Entry into that City, that you may in your mind compare such an unlikely Beginning with the Figure I have since made there. s In my working Dress, my best Clothes being to come round by sea. I was dirty from my Journey; my pockets were stuffs out with shirts and stockings; I knew no Soul, nor where to look for lodging. I was fatiguing Traveling, Rowing and Want of Rest. I was very hungry, and my whole stock of consolidated of a Dutch Dollar and and about a Shilling in Copper.The latter I gave the People of the Boat for my Passage, who at first refused it on Account of my Rowing; but I Insisted on their taking it, a Man being sometimes more generous when he has but a little Money than when he has plenty, perhaps hero the Fear of Being thought to have but a little. Then I walked up the Street gazing about, till near the Market House I met a boy with bread] (p. 241) Because of the skipping around, to often unrelated topics, it is very difficult to pay attention, read and keep straight as to what is Franklins point.One could almost call the style of writing a form of rambling. From Franklins work one is able to deduce that he is a good man with good Intention and is a upbeat and optimistic person but he doesnt really care for people and treats them Like object and tools. He basically uses people to get ahead and uses people for favors. For example he loves his brother, supposedly, but he used his brother to pay for his boarding so he could be out of the way and not cause problems for all the other is nth household. He does does have his faults with people, and that is he trusts people too much.He has too much faith in people and whether that is because of his deist ways, and how he looks at things in the world,and through reason. His trust In people and things often leads him Into small troubles. His drunken friend Collins borrowed much money from Franklin promising to pay it back. Of course, it was never paid back. If one recalls how Franklin got to America it was because of using the abilities and powers of see of his friends. Another point of the real problems that Franklin had with people and relationships is the entire relationship that he had with Miss Read.The only thing that he wanted from the marriage was some money from the parents. Franklin was give it to him he first suggested to mortgage the house, and when he knew that that wouldnt be done he basically left them and Miss Read. Jonathan Edwards looks on life as a chance to serve God. He serves God by working hard and not doing things that would be considered bad by a Puritan (IEEE. UN, drinking, dancing, and parties. ) He believes Just like other Puritans that life should be dedicated strictly to God.The main idea to understand from Puritans is that when they believe that they are beginning to understand the Bible, they are beginning to understand the Word of God. Understanding the word of God means to Puritans that God is dwelling within them, which then, in turn, means that they are one of the chosen few who are saved. In order to ensure that he is one of the few to be saved Edwards must demean others so that they get the idea that they arent saved and only Edwards is saved. The only thing that Edwards values early in his life is salvation. He must have salvation. He believes he has been saved too and he goes on to point this out: From the about that time I began to have a new kind of apprehensions and Ideas of Christ, and the works of redemption, and the glorious way of salvation Him. I had an inward, sweet sense of these things, that at timescale into my heart; and my souls led away in pleasant views and contemplations of them. And my mind was greatly engages to spend my time in reading and meditating in Christ, and the beauty and Excellency of his peers, and the lovely way of salvation, by free grace in Him. (p. 78) The writings in the bible he can now understand. The way he looks at nature and how his whole way of thinking has been changed proves in his mind and would in any other Puritans mind that the Lord is with him. When a Puritan sees that any of these things have happened he may begin to believe that he is saved. When Edwards looked around after knowing about his salvation all he he was able to see Edwards midlife was a transitional period. There in the was a corrupt sinners. Transitional period he learned about life and the dwelling of God in nature, in all things.He took notice to nature which eventually led, though prayer and meditation, to the newer Edwards who attempted to help people. His attitude toward them still remained basically the same but as one of the chosen he tried to save more people and to spread the word of God. The attempts to save people are most notably seen through the sermons that he gives, his most famous being the one entitled Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Edwards later in his life changed a bit and he thought that he understood God and his will.What really changed is that he seemed to care, maybe even if it was Just a little, about his fellow man. Although he still went out and preached to people, gave his sermons and basically told people that they were worth very little and didnt really care about them, he was out there in the public trying to save them and to tell them that even though God can and should let us burn in hell he doesnt let us all go to hell, he does pick out a few who have been exceptionally well. Those few whom He has chosen are saved.The Edwards whole point in the sermons is to scare other people people and get them to mend their ways in some possible feeble attempt to achieve salvation. Anne Broadsheet while to perfect in her own right is the probably the most alike me. She values most the relationships in her life, but she has trouble with her relationships because of the writes: Thou speakeasys fair, but hats me sore, Thy flattering shows Ill trust MO more, How oft thy slave, hast thou me made, When I believed what thou hast said, And never had more cause of woe, Than when I did what thou bats do,(p. 28 ) It refers to the difficulties between the flesh and the spirit of her body. It said that the flesh had spoken highly of the spirit but her actions spoke much louder, and it was quite the opposite. Broadsheet values her relationships more but is confused because of her devotion to God. Her God who had given her everything can at any time take it away, and Broadsheet realizes this but cant help but be saddened. She looses a house and she can handle it because as she so eloquently put it Yet by His gift is made thin own; Theres wealth enough I need no more, Farewell, my pelf, farewell my store. (p. 33) She knows that all the things that she really needs are in heaven and that cant be taken away from her. The world no longer let me love, My hope and treasure lies above. (p. 134) Somewhat of a problem with Broadsheet is ere attachment with some of her acquaintances. She is really attached to her granddaughter for example. Breadbaskets relationships mean very much to her, and in the poem about the death of her granddaughter, Broadsheet shows her weakness with people and relationships Blest babe, why should I once bewail thy fate, or sigh thy days so soon were terminate, Sits thou art settled in an everlasting state. (p. 132). Yet regardless of what society thinks of Broadsheet or the relationships she still cherishes them with all her heart. I feel that Anne Broadsheet is most like me because I am all for the relationships in life. The relationships that I make and have are what make me. I dont treat people like objects and use them to get ahead in life. Nor do I Just hate people and think that everyone else is a corrupt individual out to make themselves look good in from of God.I am confused with my spiritual self Just like she is. And Just like broadsheet with the loss of her grandchild she was terribly sad, so am I with the move to college and my slowing communication with my old best group of friends. The relationships that people have with others has a severe impact on that persons life, albeit many are good, some, though, are bad. How we choose to form, maintain and use these relationships is up to us, Just as what they mean is up to us too. I will show the relationships of some writers and how they treat others, as an important value to me. Three writers of our era, Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and Anne Broadsheet are most notable with their relationships with people. My thoughts on Benjamin Franklins work were unfortunately Beginning with the Figure I have since made there. I was in my working Dress, my it on Account of my Rowing; but I insisted on their taking it, a Man being sometimes gazing about, till near the Market House I met a boy with bread (p. 41) Because of good man with good intention and is a upbeat and optimistic person but he doesnt really care for people and treats them like object and tools. He basically uses people in the world,and through reason. His trust in people and things often leads him into willing to use Miss read for getting money from her parents. When they refuse to social pressure. For example in hint of difficulties in relationships can be seen as she time take it away, and Broadsheet realizes this but cant help but be saddened.

Your Ideal Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Your Ideal Family - Essay Example As the term ‘ideal’ meant â€Å"satisfying one’s conception of what is perfect; most suitable† (Oxford University Press, 2014), for me, an ideal family should be balanced; meaning, aside from the presence of both parents, siblings should be at least two. But due to China’s one child policy which was previously mandated as a means to prevent population explosion, my parents adhered to the rule. Therefore, being an only daughter did not fit my definition and concept of an ideal family. I would have wanted at least one sibling to share childhood experiences and a common bond to express the love, caring and support that I received from my parents. From my personal perspective, I strongly believe that some forces that affect families include internal and external forces. Internal forces are the values, beliefs and philosophies of each family member, as individuals, that shape one’s personality. Of course, I affirm that each individual was raised in a different familial environment which makes experiences and belief systems distinct and unique. Likewise, external forces that affect families include the political system, economic and financial condition, social factors (how people within the community related to each other), technological factors, and environmental factors. All of these factors have affected my family. For the social forces, it was emphasized that the following factors were noted to affect families: education, housing, employment, childhood cultural trends (Ryan, 2014). For instance, internal forces, which were described as the value systems of each of my parent, have affected the way I was raised. My father had been more of a disciplinarian and exhibited a more authoritative style. In contrast, my mother is very democratic in her parenting style. Therefore, there were instances where my father and mother expressed contrasting views on the way to address some concerns and issues on raising me or in solving problems. The

A Theoretical Analysis of the Narrative of Migration Essay

A Theoretical Analysis of the Narrative of Migration - Essay Example People migrated to other countries with an aim of making their living standards better (Brah 1996, p. 32). Just like Mohamed who ran away from home to look for a better life, migration has been the order of the day especially people moving from developing countries to those that are well developed. When these people move to other countries, they end up forming Diaspora communities. They are forced to learn the new cultures and cope up with people with different behaviors as compared to theirs thus forming Diaspora identity (Hall 1996, p. 85). In Mohamed’s narrative of migration, it is clear that Mohamed was continuously looking for a way to get a well-paying job in the UK. He worked in Aden for two years but became unhappy with his long working hours with very low pay. As a strong-minded young man, Mohamed decided to move to Hargeisa which was the capital city of Somali. While there, he managed to get a passport that enabled him to move to the United Kingdom to work as a seama n. This clearly indicates that people were moving to foreign countries to better their lives. When he arrived in the UK, Mohamed found the western culture totally different from his own country. There was free mixing of both men and women, unlike his country where nearly everyone is a Muslim and thus their culture do not permit the mixing of men and women in the society. He also realized that the infrastructural facilities such as roads, railway lines, bridges and even buildings were of high standards when compared to his own country. Despite all these, Mohamed felt isolated and it even became difficult to learn the western culture which was different from that of Somaliland (Bauder 2006, p. 77). There are various problems faced by immigrants as they moved to other countries, for example, language barrier, cultural barriers, racism, under employment based on low levels of education, and even homesickness (Brubaker 2005, p. 49). Mohamed went through so many challenges when he arrived in London. He had thought that in the UK, people lived happily and enjoyed life without struggle. Surprisingly the case was different since he rented a house and looked for a job within a span of 6 months with no achievement. The main hindrance was his little English that

Improve Own Practice in Learning and Development Essay Example for Free

Improve Own Practice in Learning and Development Essay Why LD practitioners must engage in reflective practice and continue CPD. Analyse own values, beliefs and attitudes and the impact on their practice. Engaging in Reflective practice is associated with the improvement of the quality of care, stimulating personal, professional growth and the closing gap between theory between theory and practice. J Dewey was among the first to consider the questions of psychology and the theory of knowledge, I liked Brookfield (1998) as his concept explained discussing and talking and contemplating through the learner’s eyes. The appeal of the use of reflective practice is that as teaching and learning are complex, and there is not one right approach, reflecting on different versions of teaching, and reshaping past and current experiences will lead to improvement. Schà ¶n’s (1983) reflection–in-action assists practitioners in making the professional knowledge that they will gain from their experience in the classroom an explicit part of their decision-making. Research base practices strongly supports the importance of the teacher/ facilitator being a highly trained, reflective professional. The importance of reflecting on what you are doing, as part of the learning process, has also been empathised by many investigators, for example the second stage of Kolb’s (1984) learning cycle, reflective observation. Reflective observation can be an important tool in practice based professional learning settings where individuals learning from their own professional experiences, rather than from formal teaching or knowledge transfer, maybe the most important source of personal professional development and improvement. Another way to look at it is through Lewin/Kolb’s single-loop learning, and the Argyris and Schà ¶n concept double-loop learning which were mapped from the works of Ashby (1960) while working on cybernetics. Single-loop learning is like a thermostat that learns when it is too hot or too cold and turns the heat on or off. The thermostat can perform this task because it can receive information (the temperature of the room) and take  corrective action. Double-loop learning occurs when an error is detected and corrected in ways that involve the modification of an organization’s underlying norms, policies and objectives. Double loop learning uses feedback from past actions to question assumptions underlying current views. Davies (2012) explained the benefits to reflective practice Increased learning from an experience for situation Promotion of deep learning Identification of personal and professional strengths and areas for improvement Identification of educational needs Acquisition of new knowledge and skills Further understanding of own beliefs, attitudes and values Encouragement of self-motivation and self-directed learning Could act as a source of feedback Possible improvements of personal and clinical confidence . There are a number of ways to monitor your performance regularly, capturing incidental/experienced learning by keeping a self-reflective journal, by reading it over and over again I can begin to analyse achievements however small they seem and develop a greater level of self-awareness. This is where I try to recognise the needs to enhance my own learning so that a bigger benefit for the learner to progress and achieve something in their future. Firstly I identified my own preferred learning style as everyone learns in different ways. There are many ways to establish your preferred way of learning and as supported by Reece and Walker (2009), â€Å"All students are individuals and no two students learn the same way†. To move forward in life, we all need to improve our ideas, broaden relevant knowledge and skills. Getting constructive feedback (for example, learners, peers, mentors and colleagues) are important aspects of reflection. Performance indicators of the organisation are identified, it shows whether I am current with the ways of facilitating and is it having an impact on learners. It will also show how I am performing, what is going well and where I need training or guidance i.e.  learning Microsoft office at college, enabling me to have computing vocational skills. Utilising the S.W.O.T analysis where I am able to identify my strengths: Supportive Judicious Communication skills Imaginative and observant I am able to identify my weaknesses: Inability to refrain from helping Being too talkative Too altruistic This ensures me I am performing to the best that I can and that I am meeting all the standards and expectations within the organisations policies and procedures. The guidance of a mentor is an advantage for they have had similar experiences and understanding of their issues with self-development. There will be times when I will need support and advice to move my career forward and achieve life goals, so it is best to have an effective relationship. Some factors that help to build an effective relationship; Mutual respect Honesty and direct communication Acceptance and flexibility Commitment Trust Some shared values Willingness, to work through obstacles â€Å"Mentoring is to support and encourage people to manage their own learning in order that they may maximise their potential, develop their skills,  improve their performance and become the person they want to be† (E Parsole, The oxford school of coaching mentoring) I believe that all individuals are created equally, thus all have the ability to learn equally. Resisting from a classroom culture of control, with the correct amount of care and tutoring, learners would be able to participate in classes with simplified understanding. Providing adequate feedback is an important aspect, I always try to rephrase a question with learners so not only do they understand and try to answer correctly, they feel great when they receive feedback which motivates them to learn. When I provide learners with time and space to be aware of their own knowledge and their own thinking, student ownership increases. Research shows that metacognition can be taught (Visible Learning, 2009). Using reflective practice I am able to instil values that the learner can use in their life and work.

Multiculturalism In Canada :: Immigration, Ethnic Diversity

Multiculturalism In Canada Canada has long been called "The Mosaic", due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures and ethnicities. As more and more immigrants come to Canada searching for a better life, the population naturally becomes more diverse. This has, in turn, spun a great debate over multiculturalism. Some of the issues under fire are the political state's policies concerning multiculturalism, the attitudes of Canadians around these policies, immigration, the global market, and a central point is the education and how to present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people. There are many variations on these themes as will be discussed in this paper. In the 1930's several educators called for programs of cultural diversity that encouraged ethnic and minority students to study their respective heritages. This is not a simple feat due to the fact that there is much diversity within individual cultures. A look at the 1991 Canadian census shows that the population has changed more noticeable in the last ten years than in any other time in the twentieth century, with one out of four Canadians identifying themselves as black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, Metis or Native. (Gould 1995: 198)Most people, from educators to philosophers, agree that an important first step in successfully joining multiple cultures is to develop an understanding of each others background. However, the similarities stip there. One problem is defining the tem "multiculturalism". When it is looked at simply as meaning the existence of a culturally integrated society, many people have no problems. However, when you go beyond that and try to suggest a different way of arriving at theat culturally integrated society, everyone seems to have a different opinion on what will work. Since education is at the root of the problem, it might be appropriate to use an example in that context. In 1980, the American school, Stanford University came up with a program - later known as the "Stanford-style multicultural curriculum" which aimed to familiarize students with traditions, philosophy, literature and history of the West. The program consisted of fifteen required books by writers such as Plato, Aristotle, Homer, Aquinas, Marx and Freud. By 1987, a group called the Rainbow Coalition argued the fact that the books were all written by DWEM's or Dead White European Males. They felt that this type of teaching denied student s the knowledge of contributions by people of colour, women, and other oppressed groups.

Potential Cognitive and Memory Enhancing Property of the Caulerpa Lentillifera (Lato) & Kappaphycus Alvarezii (Guso).

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Rationale It is true that some of us get more forgetful as we age. It may take longer to learn new things, remember certain words, or find our glasses. These changes are often signs of forgetfulness. Brain scientists believe that the effects of normal aging on memory may result from the subtly changing environment within the brain. With aging, the brain seems to lose cells in areas that produce important neurotransmitters, upsetting the brain’s delicate balance of these chemical messengers. Other changes occur in the brain’s white matter, which is made up of nerve cell fibers, the â€Å"telephone cables† of brain cells through which communication with other cells takes place. Just how these changes affect memory is not entirely clear, but it may be that they decrease the efficiency of cell-to-cell communication. What the scientist knows is as we get older, our capability to lay down fresh memories may be affected, making it more difficult to learn new things. It’s not so much that we forget more easily, but that we may take longer to learn the information in the first place A lot of studies have been made in different substance for its potential property on enhancing memory and cognition. Docosahexaenoic acid is one of them. DHA is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in the brain. DHA is believe that it could maintain memory and support overall cognitive health. A carotenoid namely fucoxanthin increase the amount DHA in the biological system without intake of fish oil supplementation. It is also consider that low carotenoid levels could play a role in cognitive impairment. Phytochemicals such as antioxidants polyphenolic compounds flavonoids occur all over in foods of plant origin like fruits and vegetable, carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C have also a possible in improving age-related neurological dysfunction. These substances could also be found in marine algae and other marine organism. DHA is mostly found in the fish oil but the DHA originates from the photosynthetic and heterotrophic microalgae and macroalgae that the fish ate and other marine creature. Phytochemical such as flavonoids is found also in algae. Knowing about this there could be a possibility for its memory and cognitive enhancing property. Eating seaweeds could have its benefits. It is time to get to know the seaweeds known in the Filipino tables which are Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and lukot although everyone calls it a ‘seaweed', â€Å"lukot† is anything but a the ‘secretions' of the creature dongsul/Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) and it is not an algae but it eats algae. With all this information there could be a possibility for its memory and cognitive enhancing property. Thus this study is to be conducted. A. kappaphycus alvarezii (Guso)B. Caulerpa lentillifera (Lato) www. ruffordsmallgrants. orgwww. backpackingphilippines. com C. Egg mass of Sea Hare (Dolabella auriculari) (Lukot) www. marketmanila. com Fig. 1 A, B, C: Seaweeds and Egg Mass Used in the Experiments Objective of the Study This study aims to determine the memory and cognitive enhancing properties of Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on mature albino mice. 1. To determine the average time at which the mice were able to complete the task after the allotted period for the consumption of the pigeon pellets, Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia). 2. To compare which of the treatment Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and â€Å"lukot† egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) have more cognitive and memory enhancing property. Significance of the Study The importance of the study is to help us reveal the potential cognitive and memory enhancing property of the Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) & Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso). Once its memory-cognition enhancing property is determine, this study promotes the consumption of edible eaweeds and other marine creatures to be part of the diet of average Filipino citizen like the Japanese people. Incorporating it through our daily meals could be use as a preventive measure away from dementia, Alzheimer’s and other memory-cognitive decline diseases. Moreover this study will present additional information to the other researchers with their studies in improving the memory & cognition and those researchers doing investigation & experimentation on Caulerpa le ntillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso)and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia). Scope and Limitation The study only focuses on Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and egg mass (lukot) of Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) and its cognitive-memory enhancing property. The seaweeds and the egg mass will be purchased in Carbon Public Market. The experimentation will takes place in University of San Carlos- Animal House, Pharmacological Testing Room where there is sufficient air, light and ventilation and the testing period will take 20 days. The mature albino white mice will be coming from one single source and will weigh 25-30grams. The method will be use in measuring memory and cognition will be Morris Water Maze. The time that the rat reaches the platform is used as the basis of analysis on the memory-cognitive enhancing property. This study only provide information on the effectiveness of the macroalgae Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) & Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass (lukot) of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on their cognitive-memory enhancing property. Definition of Terms Cognition- A term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging and problem-solving. DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid )-An omega-3, polyunsaturated, 22-carbon fatty acid found almost exclusively in fish and marine animal oils. Latency- The amount of time a message takes to traverse a system. Memory- Refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain and later retrieve information. There are three major processes involved in memory: encoding, storage and retrieval. Non-sequential- Not in logical order or sequence. Spatial- With reference to space or arrangement in space. Quasi-random- A low-discrepancy sequence. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE One of the memory & cognition decline is caused by oxidative stress and epigenetic changes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that progressive oxidative damage is a conserved, central mechanism of age-related functional decline moreover; genes that mediate oxidative stress responses and DNA damage repair constitute the largest class of genes up regulated in the ageing human prefrontal cortex. Dietary antioxidants can suppress many age-related gene expressions and can reduce cognitive decline and prevent oxidative damage to the brain in ageing rats (Bishop et al. , 2010). Eating food rich in phytochemicals improves the aged-related neurological dysfunction including the most devastating of these, are Alzheimer’s disease [AD] and Parkinson’s disease [PD]. Phytochemicals such as consumption of dietary antioxidants polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids) occur ubiquitously in foods of plant origin (fruits and vegetable), Carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C (Youdim and Joseph, 2001) A study was done showing the relationship between cognitive performance (assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test Part B, Digit Symbol Substitution, Finger Tapping Test, and Word Fluency Test) and different plasma carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, b-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, a-carotene, and trans-bcarotene and cis-b-carotene) in a healthy elderly population. Logistic regression showed that participants with the lowest cognitive functioning (25th percentile) had a higher probability of having low levels of specific plasma carotenoids (,1st quartile): lycopene and zeaxanthin. This shows that Low carotenoid level in the blood could be the cause of cognitive impairment. (Akbaraly, et al. 2007). Fucoxanthum a carotenoid extracted in macroalgae by using of powdered seaweed (Undaria Pinnatifida) with chloroform/methanol (2:1) v/v. Undaria lipids containing the Fucoxanthin 9. 6% was obtained from the powdered seaweed while 78% from the crude. Fucoxanthin also enhances the amount of DHA in the liver. This shows the chance of dietary fucoxanthin stimulated increase DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in biological system without direct DHA supplementation. DHA is naturally originate in the body in small amounts, and is the most abundant omega 3 fatty acid in the brain. DHA oil is abundant in some marine microalgae (Miyashita, et al. 2008). A Twenty-four week supplementation with 900 mg/d DHA improved learning and memory function in age related cognitive decline (ARCD) and is a beneficial supplement that supports cognitive health with aging and with Alzheimer’s disease. The omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are orthomolecular, conditionally essential nutrients that enhance quality of life and lower the risk of premature death. They function exclusively via cell membranes, in which they are anchored by phospholipid molecules. DHA is proven essential to pre- and postnatal brain development, whereas EPA seems more influential on behavior and mood. Both DHA and EPA generate neuroprotective metabolites. In doubleblind, randomized, controlled trials, DHA and EPA combinations have been shown to benefit attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia, and aggression. For the affective disorders, meta-analyses confirm benefits in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, with promising results in schizophrenia and initial benefit for borderline personality disorder. Accelerated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) correlate with lowered tissue levels of DHA/EPA, and supplementation has improved cognitive function. Altern Med Rev, 2007). Twenty weaning Sprague Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed either with a diet that was adequate in LNA (n-3 Adq) or with a diet that was deficient in LNA (n-3 Def). In the MWM test, the escape latency of both groups gradually decreased over the testing period, indicating an improvement in performance for both groups. In general, the n-3 Adq group had shorter late ncies to locate the escape platform than the n-3-Def rats (P

Objective Reality Cannot Exist Without Subjective Reality Essay

The topic of Meta-Ethics pertaining to whether moral values are objective or subjective, and whether or not as a society we should be able to intervene on another society if we do not believe what they are doing is morally ethical, is quite a large topic. How can we come up with a solid answer as to whether or not there are universal human values, and whether certain things should be considered right for everyone are very difficult questions to answer, we must be wary as to not insult different cultures, religions and societies. It has been concluded that an objective reality cannot exist without a subjective reality, in order to reach this conclusion, we must first consider that morality is wholly subjective, if this is so, we cannot call anything wrong, what we believe is right or wrong is simply an individual’s opinion on a subject. As an example, if someone killed several children from an elementary school, if morality is subjective, all anyone is able to say is that from an individual perspective it was wrong, from the perspective of the killer it may have been (in their opinion) the highest moral good. However, if reality is objective, then we can say that what the killer did was wrong. If one believes that killing is something that is truly wrong, then you believe in objective moral value, and in that case one must ask; how far do objective morals stretch, and where do they come from? If one believes that the wrongfulness of killing is simply a matter of perspective, then one should ask; why does society have the right to tell me what to do if morality is merely a matter of perspective? We cannot truthfully choose one way to look at the world, because the world is not black and white, there are many grey areas and many exceptions people would have to their beliefs, because of this we cannot have an objective reality without a subjective reality. Let us look at the cultural differences on morality, if a North American  (male) citizen is asked the question â€Å"Should women have the same rights as men?† the answer would more than likely be yes, if however this question was asked to a Saudi Arabian (male) citizen, the answer would more than likely be no. Whose opinion is correct? The North American would say their opinion is, and the Saudi Arabian would say their opinion is. In this situation, do we as North Americans have the right to impose our views on another society when we believe their views are wrong? The only reason one could justify imposing their societies views on another society is if that society is giving a different gender, race, or person’s with a different sexuality the same rights. In this example it would be that Saudi Arabia does not give women the same rights as men. In this situation human rights and equality are involved, and another society should interfere in order to help the individuals who do not have the equal rights. As North Americans we could say that this is not our problem, and that because it is not our culture or society, we have no right to interfere. Saudi Arabia would most likely agree, we have no right to interfere, and that it is there culture, society and religion, thus it is up to them to decide how to live, but simply put in the case of human rights, it is not a matter of society; culture, or religion, human rights are a universal issue and as people, we cannot let other people be treated as less than us. â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.† (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 1) Simply put, the only articles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that should be kept and enforced are those pertaining to human rights, equality and freedom. Any other articles included should be disregarded, and laws should be decided by country. It is very important that we begin to enforce the human rights and equality articles to each country because these are the most important to the human race as a whole, we must advance our societies, and our people together, and societies with more advanced living and understand should willingly help societies that have not yet made it there. We as people should feel incredibly sad, and motivated to help when we see other people who are not being treated as equals, anyone of us could be in that situation, and we should be grateful we are not. We must do all  we can as a society to help those in need. It is crucial that all countries begin to work together in order to help those who are not being treated with the rights they deser ve.

Informative Essay Sample on Social Management System Changes

Informative Essay Sample on Social Management System Changes If the statement man is a social animal is true then this management principal would be the best possible relevant example of it. Consider this- every individual is shaped by the virtue of his or her environment (Lamb, 23). Therefore it is obvious that an employee would be governed by the nature of workplace he or she is associated with. If the term work culture should be taken into account then it becomes more relevant. In most of the third world country red tape vicious circle is a usual nuisance under bureaucratic formulations. (Fletcher, 72) But to overcome it if anything is to be done is the entire reconstruction of the system itself. The governing body must make sure to provide the employees with a structure that motivates and accelerates the work efficiency of the employees. Likewise, this management principal could be an enormous resourceful tool for a HR manager who wants to gear up the efficiency level of the employees. If otherwise, the management decides that system is running smoothly and there are no needs to evoke a revolution in terms of system change, still the HR manager is left with ideas that would enable sea change within the work attitude of the employees by enforcing minor or petite changes within the set principals of the apparently rigid structure of the system. For example, the HR manager can introduce the use of low volume light music to be played though out the working hours. This music can be anything on the path of Kenny G saxophone or Richard Clayderman piano tunes. This would be a direct influence on the employees as light music like these would help them overcome boredom and attain more and refreshed vigor at work. (Podolski, 241)

4 response essays ( about Chemical waste disposal ) Essay

4 response essays ( about Chemical waste disposal ) - Essay Example Had he chosen to write about one particular technique and given details about that method it would have been a better article. Even if he wanted to include all the information he should have structured the essay well. He should have explained the waste that he was talking about and how a particular method is directed against a particular waste. However, he simply mixes it all. Having said that, his effort to provide information about the main methods is pretty commendable. I think he manages to correctly introduce the topic of waste management. He explains why we need waste management-for conservation of our environment. Methods like recycling are perhaps the best method for waste management. Further, water pollution can mainly be controlled through sewage treatment. Besides these methods solid waste management is a very important aspect to waste management since solid waste is generally ignored and it has been piling up over the years creating havoc in our environment. The author mentions the need of renewable energy. However, it is only related to conservation of environment and most would not consider it related to waste management. But I think the writer is clever enough to realize it as a secondary method to waste management. Since use of renewable energy sources would mean less use of conventional energy sources like coal and hence there will be less waste that is produced by conventional energy sources. The reason I mention this article here is because this article is a very optimistic article among all the pessimistic views that we hear daily. The article does provide good basic information but it could have been better. article. He is not just able to mention why exactly we need to look for a method for waste management but in choosing to write about perhaps the newest technology of waste management he has saved the both his time and the time of the reader, directly jumping on the possible solution to the problem. He believes

Establish & Adjust the markerting mix3 Case Study

Establish & Adjust the markerting mix3 - Case Study Example Swann was founded in 1988 by David Swann in Melbourne, Australia and now has offices in the USA, Australia, and Hong Kong with global distribution through partners in the UK, Europe, South Africa, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, the Middle East and more. The company will continue its aggressive drive to expand its international distribution network in the future. Swann's reseller network includes some of the worlds largest retailers and distributors including Fry's Electronics, Radio Shack, The Home Depot, Ritz Camera, Brandsmart USA, Makro, Maplin Electronics, Currys, Dixons and Dick Smith Electronics. Swann's sales expectations: "Globally, Swann expected to report sales revenue of between US million and US million this financial year. Around 75 percent of these revenues would be generated from international markets, Lane said". Swann expected CCTV to grow strongly due to concerns about vandalism, crime and even terrorism. CCTV products were used in the arrest of suspected terrorists following the recent bombings in London. The company recently signed an agreement with an unnamed supply partner that would allow it to develop products exclusively for some of the world's largest retailers. Swann was targeting the top 200 retailers around the world, Lane said. Although sales of Swann's traditional IT products such as modems and USB peripherals were still strong, the growth market was security, Lane said." The article also reported that Swann's financial position is good, "'We're in a strong financial position', he said It is believed that the CCTV market worldwide is potentially worth around US billion. Last